l According to X, “. . .”
l In the words of X, “. . .”
l As X puts it, “. . .”
Alternate signal phrase verbs:
Adds, admits, agrees, argues, asserts, believes, claims, comments, compares, confirms, contends, declares, denies, disputes, emphasizes, endorses, grants, illustrates, implies, insists, notes, observes, points out, reasons, refutes, rejects, reports, responds, suggests, thinks, writes.
l X points out that “. . .”
l X, (well-known scientist), argues that “. . .”
l X, (a professor at X University), admits that “. . .”
l X has concluded that “. . .”
l X reports that “. . .”
l X writes that “. . .”
l X stated in an interview that “. . .”
l “. . .,” remarks X, “. . .” .
l “. . .,” claims X
l X claims that “. . .”
1. To contend: assert something as a position in an argument. Spanish argüir, sostener
Example: She contends that the judge was wrong
2. Endorse: declare one’s public approval or support of. Spanish: aprobar, refrendar
Example: I fully endorse that opinion
3. Refute: refutar, rebatir. To deny or contradict ( a statement or accusation). Prove a statement or theory to be wrong or false; disprove
Example: these claims have not been convincingly refuted
4. Claim: asegurar, afirmar. State or assert that something is the case, typically without providing evidence or proof
Example: The Prime Minister claimed that he was concerned about Third World debt
Assert: state a fact or belief confidently and forcefully. Afirmar
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